What is Rotator Cuff problems?

Rotator cuff is a common name for the group of 4 distinct muscles and their tendons that provide strength and stability during motion of the shoulder. They are also referred to as the SITS muscle with reference to the first letter of their names (Supraspinatus,Infraspinatus,Teres minor, and Subscapularis). The muscles arise from the scapula and connect to the head of the humerus, forming a cuff at the glenohumeral joint.

Function
The rotator cuff muscles are each used in a variety of upper extremity movements including flexion, abduction, internal rotation and external rotation. They are essential players in almost every type of shoulder movement. Balanced strength and flexibility in each of the four muscles are vital to maintain functioning of the entire shoulder girdle.

As a group, the rotator cuff muscles are responsible for stabilizing the shoulder joint. They keep the head of the humerus into the small glenoid fossa of the scapula in order to enlarge the range of motion in the glenohumeral joint and avoid mechanical obstruction.

Common Injuries to the Rotator Cuff
Rotator cuff injuries are common injuries that can occur at any age. In younger subjects, most injuries occur secondary to trauma or arise from overuse due to overhead activities (e.g. volleyball, tennis, pitching). Incidence of injuries increases with age, however some individuals with rotator cuff pathology may be asymptomatic.

Most common injuries to the Rotator Cuff are often referred to as:

Rotator cuff muscles can not be seen on X-rays but calcifications, arthritis or bone deformations - that are common causes for rotator cuff pathologies - may be visible. The most common imaging method to evaluate rotator cuff pathologies is MRI. It can detect tears and inflammation and may help to determine size and character in order to establish a proper treatment protocol.

Although, MRI is the gold standard imaging method for rotator cuff pathologies, US can be used as it has a good diagnostic accuracy , more cost effective and readily available.